The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene-based hollow fiber by a filter membrane. According to the method, firstly, a graphene-based material and a hollow fiber filtering membrane with the telescopic characteristics are selected; then, the graphene-based material is prepared into a solution and is filtered for intercepting the graphene-based material onto the surface of the hollow fiber filter membrane in the volume expansion state; then, the hollow fiber filter membrane is in a shrinkage state, and the graphene-based material layer and the hollow fiber filter membrane are separated to obtain the graphene-based hollow fiber. Graphene paper reaches the excellent structure performance; the contribution can be made to the further development and popularization and application of the graphene hollow fiber.