The invention relates to a 1*8 high-performance photonic crystal parallel multiplex sensor array structure based on silicon on insulator (SOI). The 1*8 high-performance photonic crystal parallel multiplex sensor array structure is characterized in that a 1*8 beam splitter, eight one-dimensional photonic crystal groove nano beam micro-cavities (1DPC-SNCs), eight gradually-varied one-dimensional photonic crystal band-stop filters (1DPC-TNBF) and a 8*1 coupler are serially connected onto a silicon dioxide substrate. The 1*8 high-performance photonic crystal parallel multiplex sensor array structure has the advantages that air grooves are added into the photonic crystal micro-cavities to increase sensitivity to above 400nm/RIU under the premise that a high Q value is guaranteed, and the Q value can reach 7*10<5> by optimizing the structure of the micro-cavities; the one-dimensional photonic crystal band-stop filters can filter the micro-cavity high order mode, a large free spectrum range (FSR) can be achieved, and large-scale and simultaneous-inquiry parallel multiplex sensing under one input/output port can be achieved by the cascade connection of the beam splitter and the coupler; the overall size of the multiplex structure is only 64*16 square micrometers (a sensing area is 26*16 square micrometers), a suspension area is omitted, structural strength is increased, and manufacturing difficulty is lowered; the 1*8 high-performance photonic crystal parallel multiplex sensor array structure is applicable to the field of super-compact gas environment multiplex sensing.