The invention discloses an electroencephalogram monitoring system based on smart cloud. The system comprises an electroencephalogram monitoring device, a detection central control computer, a handheld operation device and a cloud server, wherein the electroencephalogram monitoring device is worn on a human body and is used for collecting a real-time electroencephalogram signal; the detection central control computer is in communication connection with the electroencephalogram monitoring device and is used for receiving the real-time electroencephalogram signal; the handheld operation device is in communication connection with the electroencephalogram monitoring device and is used for receiving the real-time electroencephalogram signal; and the cloud server is respectively in communication connection with the detection central control computer and the handheld operation device, and is used for receiving the real-time electroencephalogram signal, preprocessing the signal, transmitting data, and analyzing and storing data. According to the electroencephalogram monitoring system provided by the invention, a user can collect the real-time electroencephalogram signal by wearing the electroencephalogram monitoring device, the real-time electroencephalogram signal can be transmitted to the cloud server for classifying and storing data by the detection central control computer or the handheld operation device, and a real-time health risk report can be output, so that the probability of early detection and intervention for diseases can be promoted, a necessary data source is supplied for clinical diagnosis and accurate medical treatment, and the system is beneficial to the research on pathogenesis of the research and development institution or the medical institution.