The invention relates to a method and device for detecting the position of a filling material in a pipe, and the method comprises the steps: selecting a first pipe, a second pipe and a third pipe, which are all provided with the filling materials; respectively carrying out the image collection of the first, second and third pipes under the same image collection condition, so as to respectively obtain a first image, a second image and a third image; calculating the statistics parameter Em of the attribute information of the first and third images and the statistics parameter Ep of the attribute information of the second and third images; carrying out the image collection of a to-be-detected pipe, so as to obtain a fourth image, wherein the to-be-detected pipe is the same as the first, second and third pipes and has the filling material; calculating the statistics parameter Ew of the attribute information of the third and fourth images; comparing Ew with Em and Ep, and determining whether the height of the filling material in the to-be-detected pipe accords with a preset standard or not according to the comparison result of Ew, Em and Ep. The method improves the detection efficiency of the position of the filling material in the pipe.