The invention discloses a shellfish culture and harvesting device based on an embedded harvesting net and relates to the technical field of aquaculture harvesting nets. The device comprises a traction machine, a harvesting cabin assembly installed on the traction machine, and a net hauling separation mechanism installed at the tail part of the traction machine, wherein the harvesting cabin assembly comprises transmission channels installed on the left and right sides of the traction machine and a harvesting cabin installed on the head part of the traction machine; the net hauling separation mechanism is located between rear end parts of the two transmission channels; the net hauling separation mechanism comprises a supporting frame which is vertically installed at the tail part of the traction machine; a horizontally disposed rotation shaft of the harvesting net is installed on the top end of the supporting frame; a movable supporting frame is connected to the traction machine by a rotation shaft on the front part of the supporting frame; the upper end of the movable supporting frame is connected to a driving wheel by a rotation shaft; an A hydraulic lifting rod is in rotational connection between the upper part of the movable supporting frame and the traction machine; and a triangular vibration plate which is disposed in an inclined manner is disposed on the rear part of the supporting frame. According to the invention, energy consumption of shellfish harvesting could be reduced; the harvesting efficiency is high; and labor strength of manual harvesting could be reduced.