The invention discloses a mobile terminal emission power consumption adaptive adjusting device and method; the device comprises a temperature measuring module, a control module and a power amplifier power supply management module; the temperature measuring module is used for measuring the work temperature of the power amplifier when the mobile terminal is in an emission state; the control module is used for obtaining a pre-stored power amplifier power supply voltage value corresponding to the work temperature according to the measured work temperature of the power amplifier; the power amplifier power supply management module is used for adjusting the power amplifier power supply voltage according to the obtained power amplifier power supply voltage value corresponding to the work temperature. The adjusting device and method can adaptively adjust the power amplifier power supply voltage according to work temperature changes, thus better satisfying the mobile terminal usage demands under various temperature conditions, reducing the mobile terminal power consumption, prolonging the mobile terminal endurance time, and enhancing user experiences.