The invention discloses a round bar energy dissipation rod which comprises a core part, an outer constraint part and a positioning bolt. The core part is formed by connecting two energy dissipation sections, a middle limiting section and two-end connecting sections coaxially in the longitudinal direction. The middle limiting section is located between the two energy dissipation sections, and the two two-end connecting sections are located on the outer sides of a whole formed by the energy dissipation sections and the middle limiting section and are connected with a structure. The middle limiting section and the two-end connecting sections are all round bars, and a first hole is formed in the middle of the middle limiting section in the diameter direction. The energy dissipation sections are manufactured by cutting round bars in the length direction, so that the section of each energy dissipation section has two parallel opposite edges and two short edges which are arc lines, the area of the new section enables the energy dissipation sections to be buckled under the axial tension and pressure action on the core part, and the middle limiting section and the two-end connecting sections are always kept elastic.