The invention discloses a motor train unit optimization operation control method based on a multi-working-condition ANFIS model and belongs to the technical field of precise modeling and optimization operation control during operation of the high-speed motor train unit. According to characteristics of a complex non-linear system of a high-speed motor train unit during operation under multiple working conditions such as pulling, braking and coasting, stress conditions under different working conditions are analyzed. By collecting actual operation data of the high-speed motor train unit and combining a pulling/braking characteristic curve of the motor train unit, the novel multi-working-condition ANFIS model for the motor train unit is established for precisely describing the operation process of the motor train unit. According to the established model, a mechanism is selected by the adoption of appropriate working conditions, and a prediction controller based on the multi-working-condition ANFIS model is designed to complete optimization operation control for the high-speed motor train unit. With the motor train unit optimization operation control method, the modeling precision of the high-speed motor train unit is improved during operation, the operation safety and punctuality and riding comfort are improved, and technical support is provided for automatic driving of the high-speed motor train unit.