The invention discloses a moving platform moving object detection method and system based on an infrared image, and belongs to the field of machine vision. The method includes the following steps: extracting SURF feature points of an infrared sequence image, and matching the feature points; calculating an affine matrix and obtaining a registered image; correcting a pixel gray value of the registered image through linear regression, conducting inter-frame differentiation, and obtaining a binary image of a suspected moving object; conducting morphological filtering; and conducting statistics histogram correction on edge pixels of the suspected object through regional gradients, and obtaining a current frame detection result graph. The invention also provides a moving platform moving object detection system based on an infrared image. According to the technical scheme, the method exhibits great real-time performance and robustness for infrared sequence image moving object detection in a moving imaging platform, and is suitable for an infrared moving sequence image with uneven brightness changes.