The invention discloses an equipment fingerprint and channel separation method, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, receiving a signal through an antenna array of a receiver; S2, carrying out the channel estimation of the received signal, and supposing k=1; S3, calculating an autocorrelation matrix R(k) for a channel estimation result of a k-th carrier; S4, carrying out the rank increasing processing of the autocorrelation matrix R(k) of the k-th carrier, and obtaining a rank-increasing autocorrelation matrix (shown in the description) of the k-th carrier; S5, calculating the amplitude of a multipath signal of the rank-increasing autocorrelation matrix; S6, judging whether k is equal to N or not: switching to step S7 if k is equal to N, or else supposing k=k+1 and switching to step S3, wherein N is the total number of carriers; S7, carrying out the ordering of the calculation result at step S6, selecting a path, and obtaining an equipment fingerprint. The invention discloses an equipment fingerprint and channel separation device. The method and system can be widely used in TDD and FDD communication systems, and also can be used in a high-speed moving scene.