The invention discloses a concrete lane building system and method. The concrete lane building system comprises a closing device arranged at the open end of a roadway. The closing device, the roadway inner wall (1) and the ground form a closed roadway inner space; the concrete lane building system further comprises a structural frame (2) laid along the roadway, and the roadway inner space is divided into a concrete lane region and a periphery region through the structural frame (2); the concrete lane region is defined by the structural frame (2) and the ground, and the periphery region is defined by the structural frame (2) and the roadway inner wall (1); one or more soft fillable containers are placed inside the concrete lane region; the concrete lane building system further comprises a container filling device which is connected with the fillable containers to fill the fillable containers with water or gas, and a cement filling device, wherein the output end of the cement filling device is connected to the interior of the periphery region so as to fill the periphery region with cementing materials. The concrete lane building system has the advantages of being easy to operate, low in cost, short in construction time, high in efficiency and good in safety.