The invention discloses a method for preparing a shape memory polymer through non-covalent modification on graphene by 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. The method includes adding 0.02 g of graphene into 80 milliliters of N-methylpyrrolidone, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.5-1 hour, adding 0.0037 g of zinc acetate, 0.0392 g of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 0.0242 g of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, continuing to perform ultrasonic dispersion for 0.5-1 hour, reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere for 10-14 hours at 180 DEG C, pouring reaction liquid into absolute ethyl alcohol to precipitate and discharge after the reaction is terminated, filtering, subjecting a filtered substance to vacuum drying to obtain graphene non-covalently modified by the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and enabling the graphene non-covalently modified by the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride to react with HDI and polycaprolactone diol so as to obtain the shape memory polymer. The method has the advantages that the method is simple to operate, particularly, a preparation process of the graphene non-covalently modified by the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is quite simple and easy to popularize, and synergetic enhancement effect of the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the graphene in terms of performance is fully utilized, so that the prepared shape memory polymer is excellent in mechanical performance, shape memory performance and thermal performance.