The invention discloses a positioning device verification method and system and a treatment bed. A device information reader is arranged on the treatment bed of an accelerator, and device identification information is set for a positioning device to be verified. The positioning device verification method comprises the steps that the treatment bed receives target patient verification information sent by a control console, wherein the verification information is stored in a database which can be accessed by the control console and includes the device identification information of a target patient positioning device; a device information reader of the treatment bed reads the device identification information of the positioning device to be verified; the treatment bed matches the read device identification information with the device identification information of the target patient positioning device, and a matching result is prompted. By adopting the positioning device verification method and system and the treatment bed, whether the positioning device is matched with a target patient or not can be correctly verified.