The invention discloses a strain monitoring two-dimensional winding composite material underwater vehicle shell and a preparation method thereof. The underwater vehicle shell comprises three parts from inside to outside: a metal sealing layer, a rigid strength layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, wherein the rigid strength layer is prepared by adopting a plurality of carbon fiber mixing and combination modes on the surface of the metal sealing layer, so that the underwater vehicle shell can adapt to different complicated underwater environments; the corrosion-resistant layer is prepared from chopped fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, so that the surface not only has the characteristic of resisting seawater corrosion, but also achieves the purpose of promoting the binding strength through the reinforcement action of the chopped fibers so as to effectively guarantee the service life. Through the embedding use of optical fibers or strain gauges or other different forms of strain inductors in the structure of the two-dimensional winding composite material rigid strength layer, the small strain of the whole shell structure or structure inner layer under high external pressure condition can be effectively perceived, and the real-time monitoring on the service status change of the underwater vehicle shell can be achieved.