The invention relates to a self-propelled chlorophyll fluoroscopic image acquisition robot and an acquisition method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease automatic detection technology. The acquisition robot includes a driving system and a portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system, a power supply system, a navigation system and a control system which are carried by the driving system. The driving system includes a vehicle body, a power apparatus controlled by the control system and mounted on the vehicle body, and wheels mounted at two sides of the vehicle body and driven by the power apparatus. The portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system is suspended at one side of the vehicle body through a support. The power supply system is in electrical connection with the power apparatus, the control system, the portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system and the navigation system. The control system is in communication connection with the navigation system and the portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. The robot can collects chlorophyll fluorescence images of to-be-measured plants in a planting area by batch, reduces the labor intensity, improves the working efficiency and detects and early warns plant diseases in time.