The invention relates to a digestive tract detection device, which is a system capable of detecting early functional abnormity of a digestive tract on the basis of positioning principle. The system comprises a positioning capsule (4) and a signal receiving system. The positioning capsule (4) comprises a power supply (5), a signal storage card (6), a signal amplifier (8), an inner transducer (9) and a shell; and the signal receiving system comprises a positioning vest (1), an outer power supply (14), a computer (12), an analog-to-digital conversion interface and outer transducers (2). Digestive tract functions of personnel can be detected under the precondition of avoiding influence on the normal life of people, so that early warning on digestive tract pathological changes can be achieved in the case of abnormity of gastrointestinal motor functions.