The invention discloses an anthraquinone glycoconjugate with a ring structure and a preparation method and application thereof in environment detection, and belongs to the technical field of synthesizing of medicine intermediates and fluorescent probe molecules. The anthraquinone glycoconjugate is technically characterized in that the formula is shown in the attached figuredescription. The anthraquinone glycoconjugate has the advantages that the operation is simple and convenient, the reaction condition is mild, the reagent is an industrial common reagent, and the anthraquinone glycoconjugate is suitable for large-scale industrialized preparation; the synthesizing route is concise, and a large amount of anthraquinone glycoconjugate with the ring structure can be obtained in a dispersive way through changing several monosaccharides; after the fluorescence activity is tested, the result shows that the anthraquinone glycoconjugate with the ring structure can be well applied to the detection of heavy metal ions in environment.