The invention provides a signal-enhanced type near infrared fluorescence probe, wherein the chemical structural formula is shown as FORMULA (1); in Formula (I), X1 is -S or -Se-, R' is C1-12 alkylene, X2 is -C(CH3)2-, -O-, -S- or Se-; R1 and R2 are independently selected from H atom, C1-18 alkyl or radical groups shown in SO3R5, wherein R5 is C1-18 alkyl or benzyl; R3 and R4 are independently selected from C1-18 alkyl or benzyl; Y is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The activating and emitting lights of the probe are located in the near infrared zone; the stocks displacement is big, the background disturbance is few; the probe has high sensitivity and high selectivity for sulfur alcohol; meanwhile, the probe is low in toxicity, small in harm of cell and living body, and very suitable for detecting sulfur alcohol in a biological body. The invention further provides a preparation method of the probe and an application thereof.