A symmetrical electric field-based particle zeta potential measuring device includes an electrophoresis voltage source, a U type transparent tube sample pool, an optical coherence module, a photoelectric signal processing module and a data processor; the positive electrode of the electrophoresis voltage source is arranged in the left end of the U type transparent tube, the negative electrode of the electrophoresis voltage source is arranged in the right end of the U type transparent tube, the photoelectric signal processing module comprises two photoelectric detectors and two autocorrelation computing modules, the output end of the first photoelectric detector and the input end of the first autocorrelation computing module are in electric connection, the output end of the second photoelectric detector and the input end of the second autocorrelation computing module are in electric connection, the input end of the data processor is respectively electrically connected with the output ends of the first autocorrelation computing module and the second autocorrelation computing module, and the optical coherence module includes a laser light source and an optical frequency shifter. The symmetrical electric field-based particle zeta potential measuring device can eliminate spectral components introduced by stray light and electric noise, and improves the accuracy and the stability of Zeta potential measurement.