The invention discloses an electric quantity detection and failure determination system, and an electric quantity detection and failure determination system method. The electric quantity detection and failure determination system comprises a command processing module, a data storage module, an OS detection module, a power supply control module, a voltage self-calibration module, a firmware update module, a driving capability detection module, an electric quantity detection module and a failure detection module. The system and the method disclosed by the invention integrate multiple electric quantity and electrical indexes, including physical and electrical connection features of a chip, in a set of system for conducting detection and failure determination, significantly improve the working efficiency, and carry out analysis and instruction according to relevant problems; and the entire detection and failure determination process is carried out automatically, and the degree of automation is high.