The present invention relates to a vertical type spherical interference stitching measurement device and an adjustment method thereof. The device comprises an interferometer, a spherical wave conversion lens, a three-dimensional adjustment mechanism A, a three-dimensional adjustment mechanism B, a two-dimensional adjustment mechanism, a PC machine, a measured spherical surface and a bracket. The adjustment method is used for adjusting the above spherical interference stitching measurement device. The device can conveniently, rapidly and accurately adjust a to-be-tested spherical piece and meet the measurement requirement. Meanwhile, the installation and adjustment problem of the to-be-tested spherical piece during the measurement process in the prior art can be effectively solved. Moreover, through adjusting the position of the to-be-tested spherical piece, the stitching measurement problem for the sub-apertures of the to-be-tested spherical piece large in numerical aperture can be solved. Therefore, the full-aperture detection is realized.