The invention discloses a real-time tracking method and system for a ground moving object based on an UAV. An objection detection and identification module of a ground control station is started to process an image sequence returned from a camera, and the size and central coordinate of a target rectangular frame in a display screen of the ground station are obtained; an object tracking module is started, an algorithm fusion strategy is used to track an object, and if tracking is effective, an object positioning result is output to a tracking instruction generation module; if the object is not positioned, an object searching module is started, and the object is searched and an object positioning result is output to the tracking instruction generation module; and according to the requirement that an object image needs to be positioned in the center of the display screen of the ground station, the tracking instruction generation module generates a UAV position and posture adjusting instruction, and uploads the instruction to a UAV flight control system via a wireless transmission device to adjust the posture in real time. According to the system and method, the matching efficiency is high, realization is easy, the object can be identified effectively, and influence of background noises is avoided.