The invention discloses a quick positioning locking mechanism. The quick positioning locking mechanism comprises a lock and a locking part, wherein the locking part comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, and a cover body for connecting the top plate and the bottom plate; the top plate, the bottom plate and the cover body form a chamber; a base positioned on the bottom plate, an electromagnet which is in match with the base and is positioned above the base, an elastic part which is mounted on the base, a slide sleeve which is positioned above the elastic part, and at least one locking ball which is positioned at the upper part of the slide sleeve, are arranged in the chamber; the base, the elastic part and the slide sleeve can move up and down along the chamber. According to the quick positioning locking mechanism, the elastic part is pushed through the electromagnet to realize the locking and unlocking functions, so that repeated accurate positioning can be achieved; the full-automatic tapping device is provided, so that the time of replacing a workpiece and a clamp can be saved, and quick tapping can be realized, and as a result, the production efficiency is increased.