A rail transport system includes a rail (10) provided with a first concave portion built thereon, and a rail vehicle comprising a bogie (21) and a vehicle body (22). The bogie (21) has a second concave portion (110) for straddling the rail (10), the bogie (21) movably straddles the rail (10), and the vehicle body (22) is connected to the bogie (21) and is pulled by the bogie (21) to run along the rail (10). The rail transport system according to embodiments of the present disclosure has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, small occupied space, and high stability.