The invention relates to a 5-amino-4-nitryl pyrrolidone compound, and a preparation method and an application and belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical chemistry. The structural general formula of the 5-amino-4-nitryl pyrrolidone compound is as shown in the description, wherein Z is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom; R is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenethyl and substituted phenethyl; and R' is a hydrogen atom, alkyl, phenyl, substituted alkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenethyl, substituted phenethyl and non-substituent. The synthetic method of the 5-amino-4-nitryl pyrrolidone compound disclosed by the invention is green and environment-friendly, efficient, mild in condition and high in yield, meets the atomic economic principle, and is in particular suitable for industrial production. The compound has very good insecticidal activity. The compound provided by the invention has a wide application prospect in insecticidal drugs.