The invention discloses an electromagnetic shielding adhesive tape which comprises a substrate layer, a release layer arranged on one face of the substrate layer and a conductive adhesive layer arranged between the substrate layer and the release layer. The substrate layer comprises a printed thin film layer, metal layers arranged on one face or two faces of the printed thin film layer and adhesive layers arranged between the printed thin film layer and the metal layers, thickness of the substrate layer is 15-50um, and each adhesive layer is made of an epoxy modified polyurethane composite adhesive; the printed thin film layer comprises a thin film layer and an ink layer, the thin film layer is made of one of PET thin film, PP thin film, PVC thin film and PI thin film, each metal layer is made of aluminum foil, copper foil, silver foil or iron foil, the electromagnetic shielding adhesive tape is of a multilayer structure, and interlayer structure is stable. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the electromagnetic shielding adhesive tape. The preparation method is simple in step and simple and convenient in production process.