The invention relates to a real-time management control method of energy of a microgrid. The method comprises following steps of acquiring current time, and judging which time period the current time belongs to; according to the time period that the current time belongs to, carrying out control parameter initialization; judging the operation mode of the microgrid, and when the operation mode is a grid-connected operation mode, executing the grid-connected operation procedure of the microgrid; when the operation mode is an off-grid operation mode, executing an off-grid operation procedure of the microgrid; when the operation mode is a switching mode from the grid-connected mode to the off-grid mode, executing the switching procedure from the grid-connected mode to the off-grid mode of the microgrid; and when the operation mode is a switching mode from the off-grid mode to the grid-connected mode, executing the switching procedure from the off-grid mode to the grid-connected mode of the microgrid. According to the invention, based on the real-time scheduling technology of the energy of the microgrid with multiple constraint targets like the power grid, the power generation, the load, the energy storage and the electric price, power balancing technology and seamless switching under the grid-connected mode, the off-grid mode, and the grid-connected mode-to-the off-grid mode can be achieved.