The invention discloses a device for co-producing a phenol-enriching liquid and iron-doped carbon electrode material. The device comprises a wood tar catalytic thermal decomposition rotary reactor and an iron-doped carbon activation furnace, wherein the wood tar catalytic thermal decomposition rotary reactor comprises a feeding packing auger, a wood tar spraying nozzle, crushing iron balls, a screen mesh, a rough and fine grain separator and a gas-solid separator; an iron ore catalyst is sufficiently crushed and sieved and is in sufficient contact with wood tar, so that the wood tar is subjected to sufficient catalytic thermal decomposition reaction to generate high-quality phenol-enriching liquid and iron-doped carbon product; the iron-doped carbon activation furnace comprises an activated gas spraying nozzle, rotary fan blades and a high-temperature flue gas flue; high-temperature activated gas forms intensive disturbance under the action of the rotary fan blades and the high-temperature activated gas and iron-doped carbon, which moves downward layer by layer, are subjected to deep activation reaction to prepare a super-capacitor iron-doped carbon electrode material. According to the device disclosed by the invention, two grades of wood tar catalytic thermal decomposition and iron-doped carbon activation reaction are utilized and high-quality phenol-enriching liquid products and super-capacitor iron-doped carbon electrode materials can be prepared; efficient and high-value utilization of the wood tar can be realized.