Disclosed is a mobile air purification system, comprising: an air monitoring device (10) monitoring the environment where same is located so as to output air quality parameters and detecting whether there is a person in a corresponding area in the environment where same is located so as to obtain a corresponding detection result; and an air purifier (30), comprising an air purification part (310) and a walking part (330) provided at the bottom of the air purification part (310), wherein the walking part (330) is positioned and obtains the air quality parameters by means of a wireless connection with the air monitoring device (10); and the air purification part (310) is driven to move according to the position, the air quality parameters and the detection result obtained by positioning, and performs air purification in an area where same is located when same stops moving.