The invention discloses a logarithmic moment-based generalized Pareto distribution parameter estimation method. The invention mainly aims to solve the problems of poor estimation accuracy and low execution efficiency of an existing parameter estimation method. According to the technical schemes of the invention, the method includes the following steps that: 1, sea clutter data samples are obtained through a sea monitoring radar; 2, the obtained clutter data samples are normalized according to clutter power; 3, the check estimator of data in the log domain is calculated through using the normalized clutter data samples; and 4, a distribution parameter is calculated through using the check estimator. With the method of the invention adopted, the estimation accuracy of a traditional Pareto distribution parameter estimation method can be improved. The method has high computation speed and can meet a requirement for the real-time processing of the signals of a radar system and can be applied to target detection under sea clutter background.