The invention discloses a fast security hardware structure of an AES algorithm. The fast security hardware structure comprises a secret key extension module and an encryption module; an initial secret key adding module in the encryption module generates initial input to send to a two-out-four selector; a mask byte replacing module preforms mask byte replacement on sharing factors, and then respectively outputs the sharing factors after the mask byte replacement to a line shifting module; the line shifting module inputs a shifting processing result to a line mixing module; the line shifting module and the connected line mixing module send the processing result to a one-out-two selector; the output end of the one-out-two selector is connected with the input end of a round secret key adding module, and the other input end of the round secret key module is connected with the round secret key output end of the secret extension module; the round output end is connected with the round input end of one two-out-four selector; and the round output end of another one-out-two selector is connected with the round input end of the two-out-four selector; ciphertext output ends of two one-out-two selectors are respectively connected with the input end of a ciphertext generating unit. By use of the security hardware structure disclosed by the invention, the security of the sensitive data can be guaranteed.