The invention provides an afterburner annular flame tube structure with cyclones. According to the structure, the six cyclones are additionally mounted in the middle of an afterburner, a wide-range recirculation zone can be generated in the afterburner, and therefore the air flow speed can be reduced to the largest degree, and stable burning of the afterburner can be guaranteed. Meanwhile, an expansion air inlet segment is arranged at the tail of an afterburning tail cone, expansion air inlet holes are formed in the centers of the cyclones, the internal air flow flowing speed can be greatly reduced after afterburning through multiple ways, and space is provided for stable burning. After air flow passes through the cyclones, a shearing function can be generated on fuel oil, fuel oil atomization is more thorough, and therefore burning can be more sufficient. After the air flow passes through the expansion air inlet segment, part of the air flow passes through a channel between the inner wall and the outer wall of the afterburner, the wall temperature of the afterburner can be effectively reduced, and the infrared stealth performance of an airplane can be improved.