The invention provides an achievement method of cation exchange of a lead halide perovskite quantum dot material. The method includes the steps of: 1) adding Cs2CO3, octadecene and oleic acid into a reaction bottle A, and feeding argon with stirring; 2) adding PbCl2 and octadecene into a reaction bottle B and feeding argon with stirring; 3) adding MnCl2 and octadecene into a reaction bottle C and feeding argon with stirring; 4) heating the reaction bottles A, B and C, adding oleic acid and oleylamine into the reaction bottles B and C, and continuously heating the reaction bottles B and C; 5) adding the solution in the reaction bottle A to the solution in the reaction bottle B, so that after a reaction is carried out in the reaction bottle B for a preset time, a CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dot material solution is produced; 6) adding the solution in the reaction bottle C to the solution in the reaction bottle B to carry out a cation exchange reaction in the reaction bottle B to generate Cs(Pb<1-x>Mn)Cl3. The method, on the basis of not damaging the appearance of the lead halide perovskite quantum dot material, can control the ratio of lead in the lead halide perovskite quantum dot material, so that a problem of lead poisoning of the lead halide perovskite quantum dot material can be solved.