The present invention discloses a data transmission method applied to a base station and user equipment. The base station determines configuration information of a PUCCH and configuration information of an SRS, and sends the configuration information of the PUCCH and the configuration information of the SRS to the UE in a cell. The UE determines, according to the configuration information of the PUCCH, a frequency-domain resource for transmitting the PUCCH, and determines, according to the configuration information of the SRS, a frequency-domain resource for transmitting the SRS. The base station receives, according to the configuration information of the PUCCH, a subcarrier that carries the PUCCH and that is sent by the UE, and demodulates the subcarrier to obtain the PUCCH, and the base station receives, according to the configuration information of the SRS, a subcarrier that carries the SRS and that is sent by the UE, and demodulates the subcarrier to obtain the SRS. Based on the data transmission method disclosed in the present invention, the PUCCH and the SRS are multiplexed on a single-symbol structure, so that the PUCCH and the SRS are transmitted between the UE and the base station, and utilization of frequency-domain resources is improved. The present invention further discloses a base station and user equipment.