The invention relates to an automatic control system for synergistic and energy-saving dust removal. The automatic control system comprises a first smoke dust pumping device, a smoke dust collecting device, a first smoke dust detecting device, an automatic blowback device and a control device, wherein the first smoke dust detecting device is mounted in a space to be dedusted so as to detect smoke dust concentration of the space to be dedusted, the control device controls the action of the first smoke dust pumping device according to real-time smoke dust information, the automatic blowback device comprises a pressure difference detecting unit and a blowback power unit, the pressure difference detecting unit is used for detecting real-time pressure difference in the smoke dust collecting device, and the control device controls the action of the blowback power unit of the automatic blowback device according to real-time smoke dust pressure difference. According to the automatic control system for synergistic and energy-saving dust removal, smoke dust detecting devices can be used for automatically detecting smoke concentration and feeding back signals in real time, and the control device controls smoke dust suction, so that real-time regulation is achieved, and the aim of saving energy is achieved; and due to the automatic blowback device, timely blowback or blower-closed offline blowback can be achieved according to measured data, so that the dust removal effect is enhanced.