The invention discloses a USB (Universal Serial Bus)-based synchronous serial signal collecting and controlling device. The device comprises a USB standard collecting device, a serial communication interface collecting device, a synchronous serial signal interface device and an upper computer, wherein both the USB standard collecting device and the serial communication interface collecting device are connected with the synchronous serial signal interface device to send clock signals to the synchronous serial signal interface device and receive data signals; the synchronous serial signal interface device is connected with peripheral equipment through an SSI (Synchronous Serial Interface); and the upper computer is connected with the USB standard collecting device through an USB cable and connected with the serial communication interface collecting device through an RS (Recommend Standard) 232 or RS484 bus to receive analog data signals sent by the collecting devices. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that under the circumstances that high accuracy and high speed are guaranteed, the portability is increased; the connection is simpler; the application range of the whole device is expanded by using USB interfaces; the communication distance is increased by using serial communication; and therefore, the device is more suitable for complex demands of industrial measurement and control fields, and the cost is reduced.