The invention discloses a feature block optimization-based moving object tracking method. The method includes the following steps of: 1, reading a video to be tracked; 2, performing initialization; 3, performing block division and feature point detection; 4, screening feature points; 5, screening sub-block; 6, calculating a target area response diagram; 7, updating a target area state; 8, updating a target area classifier; 9, outputting target area information; 10, judging whether the reading of all the frames of the video to be tracked is completed; and 11, terminating moving target tracking. The feature block optimization-based moving object tracking method of the invention has good real-time performance and high precision in the tracking process of a moving target and can stably track the moving target when the target is shielded and severely changes in size.