The invention discloses a three-dimensional antenna array synthetic aperture radiometer segmented image inversion method. The method includes diving an observation view field interval into N subintervals; putting an external correction source in each of the divided N view field intervals; sequentially measuring visibility functions of the external correction sources output by the three-dimensional antenna array synthetic aperture radiometer in the N view field subintervals, and obtaining phase angles of the visibility functions; performing simulation calculation on the phase of the visibility function under the condition that the three-dimensional antenna array synthetic aperture radiometer only has two-dimensional coordinates; sequentially subtracting the phase angle obtained by simulation from the phase angles measured in the N view field subintervals to obtain phase compensation angle of the nth view field subinterval; using the three-dimensional antenna array synthetic aperture radiometer to observe a target scene, and sequentially performing image inversion on the divided N view field subintervals; and splicing inversion images in the N view field subintervals into an inversion image in the whole view field. The method is relatively high in precision, and has relatively good application prospects.