The invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a transparent management and control method for distinguishing early-stage back transmission of a service flow. The transparent management and control method comprises the steps of: firstly, subjecting a flow data packet to shallow analysis, early-stage blacklist matching and early-stage replication and back transmission processing of delay-sensitive data; secondly, subjecting the flow data packet to deep analysis and management and control rule matching; and finally, carrying out corresponding management and control processing on the flow data packet according to the deep analysis and management and control rule matching results. The invention further discloses transparent management and control equipment for distinguishing early-stage back transmission of the service flow. The transparent management and control equipment comprises a shallow analysis module, an early-stage blacklist matching module, an early-stage replication and back transmission module, a deep analysis module, a management and control rule matching module and a management and control processing module. The method and the equipment disclosed by the invention can prevent the processing of the online audio-video data packet such as back transmission, deep analysis and rule matching from affecting network experience of users, and has good management and control effect.