The embodiment of the invention provides an image source compatibility test method and system. The image source compatibility test system comprises a source device, an image injection device in communication connection with the source device, and a to-be-tested image processing device in communication connection with the image injection device. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a to-be-tested image by the source device in response to a selection instruction of the to-be-tested image; sending the to-be-tested image to the image injection device; receiving the to-be-tested image by the image injection device, and injecting the to-be-tested image to the to-be-tested image processing device based on preset image injection logic; and comparing the to-be-tested image with a collected image by the to-be-tested image processing device to obtain a test result of the to-be-tested image processing device. According to the image source compatibility test method and system, different types of to-be-tested image data streams are simulated to the image processing device, cooperative simulation and synchronous control of a plurality of signal sources can be performed, the to-be-tested image data can be circularly output, and repeated simulation is supported.