The invention discloses a 12-point SCMA codebook design method based on a hexagonal planisphere and a SCMA system using the method. The codebook design method comprises the following steps: 1, allocating 12 constellation points on the end points of two embedded hexagons to form a total planisphere on a resource block; 2, splitting the total planisphere into 3 sub planispheres according to the principle that the minimum Euclidean distance on the same planisphere is the maximum, and separately expressing the 3 sub planispheres as S1, S2 and S3, wherein the size of each sub planisphere is 4; 3, generating a codebook of each user according to an incidence matrix F of the SCMA system and the sub planispheres used by different users on different resource blocks; and 4, performing power normalization on the codebook of each user so as to generate a system codebook. The codebook designed by the method has the advantages of low complexity, low error rate under high signal to noise ratio and convenient hardware implementation.