The invention discloses a minimally invasive positioning tool for a laparoscopic surgery and a protected supporting and positioning method of the tool, and relates to a minimally invasive positioning tool and a minimally invasive surgery method. A pneumoperitoneum operation mode of an existing laparoscopic surgery is very harmful to human bodies and large in wound, surgical difficulty and dangerousness are increased, other pneumoperitoneum modes are very harmful to patients and cause many complications, and standard operation is difficultly realized as an affected part of an abdominal cavity needs to be cut by the aid of experience of a doctor due to a narrow surgical field. A unilateral slide can be connected with a detachable base, a movable base is in sliding fit with the unilateral slide, a supporting component is arranged on the movable base, a buffer type guide head is arranged at one end of an intubation tube, a gas filled bag is arranged inside the intubation tube and communicated with a gas source, and a plurality of slot holes are formed in the intubation tube. The protected supporting and positioning method is characterized in that the gas source is started, gas flow with a gas pressure value P is led into the gas filled bag of the intubation tube, and the gas filled bag is filled with gas to form multi-point supporting or arc-shaped supporting. The minimally invasive positioning tool and the protected supporting and positioning method are used for the laparoscopic surgery.