The invention relates to a multi-directional measuring apparatus and method for the thermal conductivity of soil, belonging to the technical field of soil physics. The multi-directional measuring apparatus comprises temperature sensor probes, a probe seat, a heat pulse probe, internal thread mouths, I-shaped bosses, I-shaped chutes, thermocouples, a heat pulse generator, a hand-held controller and a base plate. According to the depth of soil, the temperature sensor probes with different lengths and the heat pulse probe are selected, rotationally combined with the internal thread (mouths) in the center of the probe seat via threaded probe-fixing rods and an outer threaded rod for the probe respectively, and connected with the hand-held controller via leads. The measuring method comprises the following steps: equipment combination; reading of configurations; setting of parameters; data acquisition; and calculation of thermal conductivity. The multi-directional measuring apparatus and method can directly read the thermal conductivity of soil on site and reduce disturbance of to-be-detected soil, so unfavorable influence to measurement results caused by changes of a sampling environment is avoided, and the measurement precision of the thermal conductivity of the to-be-detected soil is substantially improved.