The invention belongs to the fields of materials science and engineering and sensing analysis, and particularly discloses a sensor recognition component prepared on the basis of a phase-conversion technology, and preparation and application of the component. The sensor recognition component, which is provided with a molecularly imprinted membrane, is prepared by forming the molecularly imprinted membrane on an electric-conductive supporter through a phase-conversion reaction to a to-be-detected pollutant, as a template molecule, with an acrylonitrile-acrylic acid polymer, so that the sensor recognition component can detect the template molecule (bisphenol A) in trace amount at high sensitivity and specificity. The sensor recognition component is high in selectivity and sensitivity, is easy to operate and has low cost. The invention also provides a new method for recognizing and detecting the bisphenol A, which supplied an available thinking for combination of molecular imprinting technology and electrochemical sensing technology and has wide application prospect.