A combined steel bridge deck slab based on bonded steel fiber concrete is characterized in that a bonding layer is arranged on the upper surface of a steel cover plate, ultra-high-performance steel fiber concrete is arranged on the upper surface of the bonding layer, and the thickness ratio of the steel cover plate, the bonding layer and the ultra-high-performance steel fiber concrete is 1: 0.3-0.6: 1.5-2.5. The paving method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of the steel cover plate, paving of the bonding layer, preparation of an ultra-high-performance steel fiber mixture, and paving of an ultra-high-performance steel fiber concrete layer. The comprehensive purposes of improving local rigidity, reducing fatigue stress amplitude and prolonging the service life of a paving layer are achieved. Compared with the traditional concrete paving layer, the combined steel bridge deck slab based on bonded steel fiber concrete has the characteristics that the ultra-high-performance steel fiber concrete paving layer is used, the thickness of the paving layer can be reduced, furthermore, the thickness of the cover plate of the bridge deck slab is reduced, the dead weight of the bridge deck slab is also reduced, and materials are saved.