The invention discloses an efficient energy-saving sulfur-containing flue gas purification system which comprises a heat recycling device, a desulfurization device and a liquid tank. The heat recycling device comprises an operating heat recycling tower and a standby heat recycling tower, and a spiral heat exchange pipe core is arranged in each heat recycling tower; the desulfurization device is connected with the heat recycling device by pipelines, a purified gas outlet pipe is arranged on the top of the desulfurization device, a temperature gauge, a sulfur measuring instrument and a first program control valve are sequentially arranged on the purified gas outlet pipe, a plate heat exchanger is further connected onto the purified gas outlet pipe by pipelines and is arranged between the sulfur measuring instrument and the first program control valve, and a second program control valve is arranged at a gas inlet end of the plate heat exchanger; a gas inlet pipeline of the desulfurization device is further connected onto the purified gas outlet pipe by a third program control valve and is arranged between the sulfur measuring instrument and the first program control valve. The efficient energy-saving sulfur-containing flue gas purification system has the advantages that harmful particulate matters in furnace flue gas can be effectively removed by the efficient energy-saving sulfur-containing flue gas purification system, and accordingly the furnace flue gas can reach standards and can be exhausted; waste heat in the flue gas further can be sufficiently utilized, accordingly, energy can be saved, and environments can be protected.