The invention relates to an S curve acceleration and deceleration control method based on a moving average algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: S1, Taylor expansion of a trigonometric function is used to solve a preliminary expression for a velocity v(t) before optimization; S2, an optimal solution algorithm is used to calculate coefficients in the preliminary expression for the velocity v(t) before optimization, and a final expression for the velocity v(t) before optimization is obtained; and S3, the moving average algorithm is adopted to optimize the v(t), and an expression for the velocity V(t) after optimization is obtained. An S curve acceleration and deceleration control method based on the trigonometric function is adopted, moving average filtering is carried out on the basis, the operation time is short, the performance is excellent, and processing requirements of a high-grade numerical control system can be well met.