The invention discloses a submarine hydrothermal plume acoustic imaging simulation device and method. The device comprises a cylindrical reaction cabin for machininged from an acoustic transmission material, wherein at least three simulated fluid spraying nozzles which are coaxial with the reaction cabin and are distributed in an embedded manner are arranged at the outer side of a lower end cover of the reaction cabin; a plurality of water outlets are formed in a contact surface between the simulated fluid spraying nozzles and the lower end cover; each simulated fluid spraying nozzle corresponds to one a sample cabin and is communicated with the sample cabin through a guide pipe; each guide pipe is provided with a water pump; the sample cabins are used for containing water with different temperature and particulate matter concentration and the water is used as simulated fluid of submarine hydrothermal plume; an image sonar is arranged above or beside the reaction cabin. The device can be used for simulating an optical image of the submarine hydrothermal plume so that the adjustment of a submarine hydrothermal plume acoustic detection method and parameters is realized. The submarine hydrothermal plume acoustic imaging simulation device and method are applicable to researches of the submarine hydrothermal plume acoustic detection method and can be used for quantitatively and directly intuitively simulating acoustic response of the submarine hydrothermal plume. The submarine hydrothermal plume acoustic imaging simulation device and method can be widely applicable to scientific researches of a submarine hydrothermal system.