The invention discloses a siphoning-type backwashing filter device. Key points of the technical scheme are that the device comprises a tank body, a water inlet cavity located at the top of the tank body, a water inlet pipe which communicates with the water inlet cavity, a water outlet cavity located at the bottom of the tank body, a water outlet pipe which communicates with the water outlet cavity, a filter cavity located between the water inlet cavity and the water outlet cavity, a blocking board which separates the water inlet cavity from the filter cavity, a filter board which separates the filter cavity from the water outlet cavity, a partition board which divides the filter cavity into at least two hollow cavities in a vertical direction, water inlets which are located in the blocking board and communicate with the hollow cavities, siphons which communicate with the hollow cavities, control valves which are arranged on the siphons, main driving boards located in the siphons, plugs located at the water inlets, and connection rods through which the main driving boards are connected with the corresponding plugs. After the control valves are opened, the main driving boards are driven by a water flow and drive the plugs to block the water inlets through the connection rods, and a purpose of convenient backwashing is achieved.