The invention provides an active correlated imaging optical system based on multiple paths of semiconductor lasers. The system comprises four parts: the multiple paths of semiconductor lasers, an emitting optical system, a reference optical system and a receiver optical system. A confocal mirror of the emitting optical system enables light beams of different lasers to be focused, and under the function of a phase modulator, an Interference speckle field can be obtained in a focal plane; the reference optical system records the speckle field; the emitting optical system emits the speckle field to a measured object; light of the speckle field forms an echo signal after being reflected by the object, and the echo signal is collected by the receiving system; and by carrying out associated operation on echo information and speckle field information recorded by the reference optical system, an object image can be inversed. The system has the advantages of real-time adjustment, fast frequency and phase adjustment reproduction and the like, can obviously improve the speed of correlated imaging, realizes single-arm preset imaging and can set matched speckle form according to target properties and can enhance imaging signal-to-noise ratio.